While much attention has been given to the dangers of opioids, other prescription drugs, like benzodiazepines, continue to be widely used despite their risks. Commonly prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and muscle relaxation, benzodiazepines, also known as benzos, can be highly addictive and dangerous—especially when combined with other substances.
Benzodiazepine use has increased significantly in recent years, with prescriptions being written at high rates. While intended for short-term use, many people develop a dependence, leading to withdrawal symptoms when they try to stop. These medications also contribute to a rising number of overdoses, particularly when mixed with opioids or alcohol.
Despite their risks, benzodiazepines remain one of the most frequently prescribed medications. Understanding their effects, withdrawal symptoms, and treatment options is essential for those struggling with dependence or those who want to protect themselves and their loved ones. If you or a loved one is struggling with benzo addiction, we are here to help. Without appropriate intervention, the cycle of addiction can lead to severe symptoms and health consequences, making it essential to address the issue promptly. For help, don’t hesitate to contact Red Ribbon Recovery to start benzo addiction treatment.
What are benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs primarily prescribed to manage anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and occasionally alcohol addiction, available as both long-acting and short-acting benzos. They function by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), leading to sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects.
Some of the most commonly prescribed medications in the benzo class include:
- Alprazolam (Xanax): Xanax is known for its fast-acting relief and is frequently used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. However, its potent effects also make it one of the most commonly misused benzos.
- Diazepam (Valium): Valium is used for a variety of conditions, including anxiety, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal.
- Lorazepam (Ativan): This medication is often prescribed for anxiety disorders and is known for its relatively intermediate duration of action, providing a balance between immediate relief and longer-lasting effects.
- Clonazepam (Klonopin): Klonopin is used in the treatment of seizure disorders and panic attacks and is often abused.
- Temazepam (Restoril): Primarily prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia, temazepam helps patients get more restful sleep but should be used with caution due to its potential for dependence.
Side effects and symptoms of benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are classified as central nervous system depressants, meaning they slow down brain activity, often leading to drowsiness, dizziness, and sedation. While these effects may be beneficial for individuals using the medication as prescribed, benzodiazepines also come with a range of potential side effects that can cause discomfort and increase the risk of accidents or injury.
Common side effects of Benzodiazepines:
- Drowsiness and fatigue
- Light-headedness and dizziness
- Confusion and difficulty concentrating
- Increased anxiety or agitation
- Insomnia and restlessness
- Muscle weakness and unsteadiness
- Slurred speech and coordination issues
- Memory problems or forgetfulness
- Nausea and digestive issues
- Dry mouth and dehydration
- Blurry vision and difficulty focusing
- Constipation and other gastrointestinal discomfort
- Withdrawal symptoms with prolonged use
- Suicidal thoughts or changes in mood
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Why are benzodiazepines so dangerous?
Benzodiazepines belong to the depressant class of drugs, meaning they slow down the central nervous system (CNS) much like alcohol and opioids. While they can be effective when used as prescribed, their risks increase significantly when combined with other depressants. Mixing benzodiazepines with substances like alcohol or opioids can intensify their effects, leading to dangerous and potentially fatal consequences.
One of the greatest risks associated with benzodiazepines is withdrawal, which can be life-threatening if not properly managed. Unlike many other drugs, benzodiazepine withdrawal can cause severe complications, including seizures, which makes medical supervision critical for those who have developed a dependence
Benzodiazepine withdrawal often brings back the very symptoms that led to its use in the first place. This happens because the brain and body become dependent on the drug, adjusting their natural processes to rely on its effects. When benzodiazepines are removed, the brain struggles to regulate neurotransmitters like GABA, which help control anxiety and stress. As the body works to regain balance, withdrawal symptoms can feel intense and difficult to manage. This adjustment period is why medical supervision is often necessary, helping individuals safely navigate withdrawal and allowing the brain to gradually restore its natural chemical functions.
Dangers of combining Benzodiazepines with dther depressants:
- Respiratory depression, which can lead to slowed or stopped breathing
- Increased risk of overdose due to enhanced sedative effects
- Impaired cognitive function, making daily tasks more dangerous
- Slower physical responses and delayed reaction times
- Greater likelihood of developing long-term mental and physical health issues
- Higher risk of dependence and addiction, making it harder to stop without professional help
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What are the symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal?
Benzodiazepine withdrawal can be physically and emotionally distressing, and in some cases, life-threatening. Those who have developed a dependence should seek medical supervision before attempting to stop, as withdrawal symptoms can escalate quickly. A medical detox facility or healthcare provider can help manage symptoms, prescribe medications when necessary, and ensure a safe withdrawal process without the risk of relapse or complications.
Common symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal:
- Body aches and muscle spasms
- Hyperventilation and difficulty breathing
- Excessive sweating and temperature fluctuations
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weight loss and appetite changes
- Insomnia and restless sleep
- Anxiety and panic attacks
- Depression and mood swings
- Hallucinations or sensory disturbances
- Difficulty concentrating and memory issues
Benzodiazepine withdrawal often brings back the very symptoms that led to its use in the first place. This happens because the brain and body become dependent on the drug, adjusting their natural processes to rely on its effects. When benzodiazepines are removed, the brain struggles to regulate neurotransmitters like GABA, which help control anxiety and stress. As the body works to regain balance, withdrawal symptoms can feel intense and difficult to manage. This adjustment period is why medical supervision is often necessary, helping individuals safely navigate withdrawal and allowing the brain to gradually restore its natural chemical functions.
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Diagnosing benzodiazepine addiction
The mental health field classifies benzodiazepine addiction under hypnotic, sedative, or anxiolytic use disorder, a term used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). To receive a diagnosis of sedative use disorder, an individual must exhibit at least two out of eleven possible symptoms within a 12-month period.
Some of the signs of benzodiazepine addiction include:
- Taking larger doses or using the drug for longer than intended
- Spending significant time obtaining, using, or recovering from the drug
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms or intense cravings when not using
- Developing tolerance, requiring higher doses for the same effects
- Struggling with work, school, or home responsibilities due to drug use
Although benzodiazepines are legally prescribed, their sedative effects and high potential for dependence make them prone to misuse. Some individuals initially take these medications for legitimate medical reasons, such as anxiety or insomnia, but over time, they may develop tolerance and dependence. While most healthcare providers follow strict prescribing guidelines, individuals struggling with addiction may seek out additional sources, including doctor shopping or obtaining benzodiazepines illegally.
Are you or a loved one struggling with addiction to alcohol or other drugs? Call today for a confidential conversation with a treatment specialist.
Treatment for benzodiazepine addiction
If you or someone you care about is struggling with benzodiazepine addiction, professional help is available at Red Ribbon Recovery. Treatment can provide the support needed to safely stop using benzodiazepines and work toward long-term recovery.
Quitting benzodiazepines abruptly or without medical supervision is not recommended, as withdrawal can be uncomfortable and, in some cases, life-threatening. If you’re ready to stop, consulting a healthcare provider is essential. Medically supervised detox can help manage withdrawal symptoms and ensure a safer, more comfortable transition off the drug. However, detox alone is just the first step—ongoing treatment is typically needed to support lasting recovery.
The next phase of treatment depends on individual needs and may include:
- Individual and group therapy to address the underlying causes of addiction
- Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to develop coping strategies
- Medication management for withdrawal symptoms or co-occurring mental health conditions
- Education on addiction and relapse prevention
- Support for co-occurring disorders and polysubstance use
- Continuing care and aftercare planning to maintain long-term recovery
Treatment can take place in an inpatient or outpatient setting, depending on the level of care needed. If you’re exploring your options, speaking with a treatment professional at Red Ribbon Recovery can help you determine the best approach for your situation.
Contact Red Ribbon Recovery for help with benzo addiction
If you or a loved one is struggling with benzodiazepine addiction, Red Ribbon Recovery is here to help. Our team provides the guidance, resources, and support needed to navigate the recovery process and find the right treatment options. Quitting benzodiazepines can be challenging, but you don’t have to do it alone. Whether you’re seeking treatment recommendations, therapy options, or continuing care, we are here to help. Take the first step today by calling (888) 899-3880 or fill out our online contact form to learn more about how we can help you or your loved one begin the journey to recovery.
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About the content
Written by: Carli Simmonds. Carli Simmonds holds a Master of Arts in Community Health Psychology from Northeastern University. From a young age, she witnessed the challenges her community faced with substance abuse, addiction, and mental health challenges, inspiring her dedication to the field.
Medical reviewed by: Jodi Tarantino, LICSW. Jodi is an experienced, licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) and Program Director with over 20 years of experience in Behavioral Healthcare, demonstrating expertise in substance use disorders, mental health disorders, crisis intervention, training development, and program development. She is a skilled leader in business development with a Master of Social Work (MSW) in Community and Administrative Practice from the University of New Hampshire.
Red Ribbon Recovery is committed to delivering transparent, up-to-date, and medically accurate information. All content is carefully written and reviewed by experienced professionals to ensure clarity and reliability. During the editorial and medical review process, our team fact-checks information using reputable sources. Our goal is to create content that is informative, easy to understand and helpful to our visitors.
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